Product Description

The JARViE PLM Shield is an Arduino compatible, simple and low-cost solution for creating a DIY IOT project or developing consumer product using power line telecommunications. Stack this shield on top of one of the many MCU development boards with the recognizable Arduino Shield footprint and you instantly have a smart node that can control appliances, lighting, garage doors and sensors over thousands of feet of home 120/240 AC or DC power lines with no other wires required (nodes receive power from the same wires they communicate over). Nodes can be accessed over the internet via web browsers and or C++/Python/MATLAB/LabVIEW applications.

This power line modem solution is compliant with US FCC (Federal Communication Commission), Industry Canada, Japan MPT, and European CENELEC EN50065-1 regulations for signaling in the 125 kHz to 140 kHz and the 95 kHz to 125 kHz frequency bands.

How It Works

Each shield has an NXP TDA5051a powerline modem IC. This modem takes in a digital message from an MCUs UART bus, like an Arduino UNO, and translates this digital message into an equivalent analog message. Additional circuitry on the shield sends the analog message over the 120/240VAC of your home, if the shield is connected to a home outlet. Ideally, the analog message will be broadcasted across all the 120/240VAC wires of your home (to all home outlets), so another shield connected to another home outlet will hear this message. The shield has special filtering to only receive messages sent by other powerline modem shields or demo boards and rejects all other noise or communications between non-demo board/shield devices. Once a shield receives an analog message sent over the home power lines, it converts it to an equivalent digital message and sends it to an MCU over its UART bus. Additionally, the shield can communicate over DC powerlines as well.

Product Features

• Communicates over +35V max DC or home 120V/240V AC power lines using ASK carrier wave generation
• Provides power to MCU dev board and expansion shields from power line input (+7V @ 300 mA from VIN pin)
• AC Mains isolation via high-frequency transformer for safety
• Zero cross detection for system synchronization and or line frequency measurements
• 600 to 1200 bps UART bus between modem and MCU (Arduino TX0 and RX0)
• Modem baud rate adjustment via external clock input
• Modem output overload protection
• Automatic gain control at modem's receiver input
• Modem power down control to reduce power consumption

PLM Shield Example(s)/Usage

Basic Home Automation Architecture

The JARViE PLM can communicate over +48 VDC max or up to 240 VAC power lines. The figure below diagrams a home application. The master and slave devices employ an MCU and the JARViE PLM. During a data transmission event (device master sending out data to slave devices), the MCU sends the data to be transmitted to the PLM's TDA5051A via a UART interface. After internal processing, the PLM broadcasts the data over the power line to all slave devices using a modulated carrier wave. During a data reception event (slave device receiving data from master), the PLM's TDA5051A converts the carrier wave into digital data. The digital data is fed into the MCU's UART interface for interpretation.

Smart Home Application

A DIY smart home system is one of the many things you can create with the PLM Shield. The figure below illustrates a smart home application. The Switch Node provides on/off control of appliances, lighting and or opening/closing of garage doors. The Environment Node can monitor the indoor air quality of areas within your home. The Internet Node can host a webpage that displays the environmental data, as well as, clickable buttons to control appliances, lighting or garage doors. The webpage can be accessed from any mobile phone, PC or tablet connected to the internet; allowing you to access your DIY smart home network from inside your house or while you’re away.

Node examples include but not limited to,

• Internet Node: Ardunio UNO + PLM Shield + Ethernet Shield creates a node that can be controlled from outside of your home over the internet. Host server applications to report data to a website for remote monitoring.

• Environment Node: Ardunio UNO + PLM Shield + Adafruit BME680 Breakout creates a node that can monitor temperature, pressure, humidity and VOCs in a room/area within your home.

• Switch Node: Ardunio UNO + PLM Shield + Relay Shield creates a node that can switch on/off AC appliances (e.g. fan, light, motor or high current DC actuators like solenoid valves)

DC Power Line Application

The above diagram illustrates how the PLM Shield should be connected to a DC power line. In this diagram, the DC power source can be a switch-mode power supply, solar panels with converted DC output, batteries, super capacitor, etc. The DC power source should not exceed +35 VDC. When using a switch-mode power supply, it is best to filter the output to achieve the best powerline telecommunications. L1 = 100 uH and C = 470 uF forms a low-pass filter that prevents power supply noise from interfering with powerline communications. The filtering components are likely not required when using batteries or capacitors as the power source. The impedance of C decreases as freq. increases so a choke (L2 = 100 uH) is recommended to prevent the capacitor from overloading/shorting the kHz powerline communications. Using batteries and capacitors as the DC power source will have the same overloading affect, so a choke is recommended for these sources as well.

Complete PLM Shield Demo Kit

The complete demo kit provides everything needed to quickly get started with communicating over AC or DC power lines. There's a huge value add that comes with purchasing the kit; all the hardware is proven and software examples are available on GitHub. This gets the developer learning PLM technology on day one and NOT spending days specifying and purchasing hardware and or developing firmware.

Kit contents include,

• JARViE Power Line Shield (2)
• Arduino UNO or equivalent, Arduino IDE compatible, Dev Kits (2)
• 120VAC 13A power cables (2)

Getting Started

Product documentation, open-source C++ libraries and code examples for quickly getting started are available on GitHub . This is an open-source platform. I encourage great software developers to branch what's in the repo, improve it, refine it and share it!

Safety Warning

The high voltages that are present when operating this product, constitute a risk of electric shock, personal injury, death and/or ignition of fire. This product is intended for evaluation purposes only. It shall be operated in a designated test area by personnel that is qualified according to local requirements and labor laws to work with non-insulated mains voltages and high-voltage circuits. This product shall never be operated unattended.

The board needs to be connected to mains voltage. Touching the reference board during operation must be avoided at all times. An isolated housing is obligatory when used in uncontrolled, non-laboratory environments. This isolation is not according to any regulated norm.

JARViE is NOT liable for any mishaps that occur while using this board. User must consider and take proper safety precautions while working with high-voltages.

Data Transmission

The following image shows the DATA_IN to Tx carrier output delay. The blue trace is a 1 kHz square wave driving the PLM's TDA5051A modem DATA_IN input. The yellow trace is the modulated ASK carrier wave transmitted to all PLMs on the power line network. The capture shows that there is approximately a 170 microsecond delay between setting the DATA_IN input and Tx carrier wave generation.

Data Reception

The following image shows the Rx carrier input to DATA_OUT output delay. The blue trace is the modulated ASK signal received through the AC inputs on the JARViE PLM. The yellow trace is the digital TDA5051A DATA_OUT signal that can be interpreted with an MCU or equivalent UART compliant device. The capture shows that there is approximately a 180 microsecond delay between Rx carrier wave reception and the DATA_OUT output.

AC Zero Cross Detection

The main purpose of the PLM zero cross detection circuitry (ZCD) is to provide a method to synchronize devices to one another. The intent is to not have to share a clock between devices that are meters away. The output of the ZCD goes from 0 to +5V making it compatible with MCUs. By pairing the PLM with an MCU, the ZCD output can be used to trigger event timers, create task schedulers within a PLM network and or send messages when noise on the power line is smallest for best communication results (zero crossing point). The ZCD can also be used to measure the frequency of the AC power line.

• A – 120 VAC zero cross point. Signal begins to rise to maximum amplitude but the PLM H11AA1 bi-directional optocoupler is off so zero cross signal remains HIGH (+5V) due to pull-up resistor.
• B – 120 VAC rises high enough to bias NPN transistor in optocoupler pulling the zero cross detection signal LOW (0V).
• C – 120 VAC zero cross point. Signal begins to fall to minimum amplitude. H11AA1 optocoupler is off so zero cross signal remains HIGH (+5V) due to pull-up resistor.
• D – 120 VAC falls low enough to bias NPN transistor in bi-directional optocoupler pulling the zero cross detection signal LOW (0V).

What makes it special?

The PLM Shield + an Arduino enables devices to communicate over meters of 240/120 VAC or +35V max DC power lines removing the need to have devices closely tethered together with more than two wires. Currently, it's the only PLM Shield on the market and it provides power to attached devices from the power line input. Devices being able to communicate over thousands of meters of AC or DC power lines enables one to develop a mesh network of two or more distributed devices, each having unique functions. Devices that potentially allow one to close your garage, turn-off a downstairs TV or monitor the power consumption of home appliances while lying in bed.